Sumário
Freeness, and its opposite term slowness, denotes how fast or slow water drains through a fiber mat. A stock/furnish is free when water drains through the mat rapidly. This has been the most common test performed on pulp/furnish in both mills and laboratories.
Subsequently What is Canadian standard freeness? Page 1. Canadian Standard Freeness. Freeness is a measure of how quickly water is able to drain from a fiber furnish sample. In many cases there is a correlation between freeness and the ease of drainage of water from the wet web on a paper machine.
What is freeness in paper making? The industry uses a standard measure called the freeness to represent this and other properties for papermaking pulps. The freeness is the total volume of water discharged from a side orifice of a specific configuration while the pulp suspension drains freely under gravity.
Beside above, Why is freeness important? Obviously freeness is of utmost importance in the operation of a paper machine. A low freeness means that the paper machine will have to operate relatively slowly, a condition that is usually intolerable. The CSF test measures the drainage of 1 L of 0.3% consistency pulp slurry through a calibrated screen.
Conteúdo
How do you measure freeness?
Standard tests of freeness are based on gravity dewatering through a screen. The devices are designed so that an operator can judge the speed of dewatering by observing the volume of liquid collected in a graduated cylinder.
How is freeness of pulp measured?
Freeness of pulp is a measure of precisely how rapidly water can drain from a diluted fiber furnishes suspension. Drainage rate is related to the surface conditions and swelling of the fibers. … Standard tests of pulp freeness are based on gravity dewatering throughout a screen.
What is degree Sr of pulp? SR – higher numbers mean slower draining. CSF developed as a measure of groundwood quality. CSF decreases with refining. CSF sensitive to fines and water quality.
How is pulp consistency calculated? A measure of the pulp consistency is given by the percentage by weight of dry substances, a distinction being made between air-dry (% A.D.) and bone-dry (% B.D.). The German Wood Pulp Manufacturers’ Association has laid down a standard moisture content of 12 %. Air-dry pulp therefore contains 88 % of dry solids.
O que é taxa de drenagem?
A intensidade de drenagem representa a taxa de drenagem em estado estacionário quando o lençol freático a meio caminho entre os drenos paralelos está na superfície do solo. É um medida da taxa em que a água pode se mover através do solo para os drenos. … Esse valor é a taxa com que a saída de água pode tirar água do local.
What is drainage time of pulp? This method describes a procedure to determine numerically a measure of the slowness of stock, particularly groundwood or beaten pulps. Drainage time is not necessarily related to freeness of pulp, which is determined by TAPPI T 227 “Freeness of Pulp.”
How is drainage rate calculated?
Para fazer isso, simplesmente multiplique em cada linha. O escoamento, Q, para a área do telhado na Zona de drenagem A é: (1.00 x 1.5 x 500) / 96.23 = 7.79 galões por minuto. O escoamento para a porção de grama da Zona de drenagem A é: (0.35 x 1.5 x 900) / 96.23 = 4.91 gpm.
What is SR in pulp? SR – higher numbers mean slower draining. CSF developed as a measure of groundwood quality. CSF decreases with refining. CSF sensitive to fines and water quality.
How do you find the degree of a senior?
Measurement scale in SR degrees: • A scale with a discharge of 1000 ml, corresponds to 0 º SR • A 0 ml discharge corresponds to 100 º SR. Every 10 ml of water poured through the lateral hole in the graduated glass represents 1 º SR.
What is CSF in pulp?
Canadian Standard Freeness. Refining is easily monitored by the drainage rate of water through the pulp. … The CSF test measures the drainage of 1 L of 0.3% consistency pulp slurry through a calibrated screen.
What is pulp viscosity? 3.1 The solution viscosity of a pulp gives an indication of the average degree of polymerization of the cellulose. Such a test therefore gives a relative indication of the degradation (decrease in cellulose molecular weight) resulting from the pulping and/or bleaching process.
What is viscosity of pulp? 3.1 The solution viscosity of a pulp gives an indication of the average degree of polymerization of the cellulose. Such a test therefore gives a relative indication of the degradation (decrease in cellulose molecular weight) resulting from the pulping and/or bleaching process.
What is low consistency pulp?
The low-consistency (LC) pulper FibreSolve FSR is ideal for pulping recycled fibers which do not require deinking, such as packaging grades like OCC or mixed waste.
How do you calculate drainage? To calculate the volume of water that needs to be stored, multiply the amount of runoff from each drainage zone by 15. The runoff for each zone was in gallons per minute. Multiplying by 15 minutes leaves you with the amount of gallons to be stored.
How do you calculate drainage coefficient?
Drainage Coefficient: Typical range (0.25 to 0.5 inches/day). The drainage coefficient is the design capacity of the drainage system and is typically expressed as a depth of water removed in 24 hours (inches/day).
How many DFU is 2 inch drain? 710.1 Maximum Fixture Unit Load
| DIÂMETRO DO TUBO (polegadas) | NÚMERO MÁXIMO DE UNIDADES DE FIXAÇÃO DE DRENAGEM (dfu) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total para ramal horizontal | Total para pilha maior que três intervalos de ramificação | |
| 1 1 / 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 2 | 6 | 24 |
| 2 1 / 2 | 12 | 42 |
Como faço para calcular a taxa de fluxo?
Para calcular as gotas por minuto, o fator de queda é necessário. A fórmula para calcular a taxa de fluxo IV (taxa de gotejamento) é volume total (em mL) dividido pelo tempo (em min), multiplicado pelo fator de queda (em gtts / mL), que é igual à taxa de fluxo IV em gtts / min.
How do you calculate stormwater?